Contributed by John P. Hirth; received September 21, 2022; accepted January 18, 2023; reviewed by Peter Anderson and Xiaozhou Liao
February 16, 2023
120 (8) e2215085120
Significance
Twins are an important deformation mechanism in low-symmetry crystals. The TM model presented here for different types of twins supersedes the classical model and introduces specific types of twins. The twinning parameters used in constitutive modeling and in structural descriptions of twins are modified. The concepts presented here can be extended to cyclic loading, important in shape–memory alloys.
Abstract
Type II and IV twins with irrational twin boundaries are studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy in two plagioclase crystals. The twin boundaries in these and in NiTi are found to relax to form rational facets separated by disconnections. The topological model (TM), amending the classical model, is required for a precise theoretical prediction of the orientation of the Type II/IV twin plane. Theoretical predictions also are presented for types I, III, V, and VI twins. The relaxation process that forms a faceted structure entails a separate prediction from the TM. Hence, faceting provides a difficult test for the TM. Analysis of the faceting by the TM is in excellent agreement with the observations.
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Data, Materials, and Software Availability
All study data are included in the article and/or SI Appendix.
Acknowledgments
The reviewers supplied helpful comments. D.X. and J.W. acknowledge support from the US NSF (CMMI- 2132336/2132383), and TEM analysis was performed in the Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, which is supported by the NSF under Award ECCS: 1542182 and the Nebraska Research Initiative. G.H. acknowledges support from NSF: EAR-1624178. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action equal opportunity employer, is managed by Triad National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA, under contract 89233218CNA000001.
Author contributions
J.P.H. designed research; D.X., G.H., and J.W. performed research; J.P.H. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; D.X., G.H., and J.W. analyzed data; and J.P.H. and J.W. wrote the paper.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interest.
Supporting Information
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Information & Authors
Information
Published in
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Vol. 120 | No. 8
February 21, 2023
Classifications
Copyright
Data, Materials, and Software Availability
All study data are included in the article and/or SI Appendix.
Submission history
Received: September 21, 2022
Accepted: January 18, 2023
Published online: February 16, 2023
Published in issue: February 21, 2023
Keywords
- dislocations
- disconnections
- twins
- phase transformations
Acknowledgments
The reviewers supplied helpful comments. D.X. and J.W. acknowledge support from the US NSF (CMMI- 2132336/2132383), and TEM analysis was performed in the Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, which is supported by the NSF under Award ECCS: 1542182 and the Nebraska Research Initiative. G.H. acknowledges support from NSF: EAR-1624178. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action equal opportunity employer, is managed by Triad National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA, under contract 89233218CNA000001.
Author Contributions
J.P.H. designed research; D.X., G.H., and J.W. performed research; J.P.H. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; D.X., G.H., and J.W. analyzed data; and J.P.H. and J.W. wrote the paper.
Competing Interests
The authors declare no competing interest.
Notes
Reviewers: P.A., The Ohio State University; and X.L., The University of Sydney.
Authors
Affiliations
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163
Present address: Green Valley, AZ 85614.
Dongyue Xie
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
Materials Physics and Applications Division – Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (MPA-CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
Greg Hirth
Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
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